How To Plaster A Wall?

Plastering is a valuable skill that can transform walls, giving them a smooth and appealing finish. Although it might seem complex, you can do it yourself with the right tools, preparation, and technique. 

This guide covers the essentials of plastering, including tools, steps, and useful tips to ensure a quality job.

Let’s get straight to the point.

Plastering a wall is a valuable skill that enhances surfaces with a smooth, professional finish. Preparation is key—clearing the area, applying PVA for adhesion, and mixing the plaster correctly to ensure a strong base. 

The first coat should be applied evenly with firm strokes, followed by smoothing and a thinner second coat for refinement. Once dry, light sanding removes imperfections before painting or wallpapering. 

Regular tool maintenance and proper wall care extend the plaster’s longevity. While DIY plastering is achievable with patience and practice, large or complex projects may require professional expertise for a flawless result.

Tools And Materials Needed

Before you begin, gather all the necessary tools and materials. Having these ready will save you time and prevent disruptions during the process.

Essential Tools

1. Trowel: Choose a stainless steel trowel with an ergonomic handle for comfort and control. Avoid cheap models, as they often deliver poor results.
2. Hawk Board: This board holds the plaster while you work. A plastic hawk board is lightweight and easy to handle, while a wooden one lasts longer.
3. Bucket Trowel: This tool is optional but highly convenient for transferring plaster from the bucket to the hawk board.
4. Power Mixer: This tool is ideal for mixing large quantities of plaster quickly and smoothly, making it ready to use in less time.
5. Water Brush: This tool helps keep the plaster edges neat and ensures a smooth finish.

Additional Supplies

• PVA glue (for priming the wall)
• Dust sheets (to protect floors)
• Sandpaper (for smoothing)
• Plaster tape (for seams)
• Clean water
• Protective gear (dust mask)

Preparing The Workspace

A clean workspace is essential for a successful plastering job. Follow these steps to get your area ready.

1. Clear the Room: Remove furniture, curtain rods, skirting boards, and radiators if possible.
2. Protect the Floor: Lay down dust sheets to catch any falling plaster.
3. Clean the Wall: Remove dust, grease, and loose plaster or wallpaper to ensure good adhesion.
4. Seal Openings: Use plaster tape to cover any gaps in the wall.

Step-By-Step Plastering Guide

Step 1: Prime The Wall With PVA

PVA (Polyvinyl Acetate) is a glue that helps the plaster stick to the wall by closing the surface’s pores. 

Mix PVA with water in a 1:4 ratio and apply it evenly to the wall using a brush or roller. 

Allow it to dry slightly before moving on to the next step.

Step 2: Mixing The Plaster

1. Fill a clean bucket halfway with cool, clean water.
2. Gradually add the plaster powder to the water, stirring constantly to avoid lumps.
3. Use a power mixer if possible, as it speeds up the mixing process and ensures a smooth consistency.

Step 3: Applying The First Coat Of Plaster

Scoop some plaster and apply your hawk board and trowel to the wall. Begin at the bottom left corner and work your way up, using firm, even strokes. 

Hold the trowel at a slight angle to create a thin, consistent layer.

• Technique: Flatten the trowel at the end of each stroke to smooth the plaster. Keep the strokes overlapping to avoid gaps.
• Pressure: Steady pressure ensures the plaster adheres well to the surface.

Step 4: Smoothing And Levelling The Plaster

Use the trowel to smooth out bumps or imperfections as the first coat sets. This process helps create a uniform surface, preparing it for the next coat. 

If necessary, lightly spray the wall with water to keep the plaster workable while smoothing.

Step 5: Applying Additional Coats

Allow the first coat to dry slightly before applying a second layer. This coat should be thinner than the first, as it refines the surface further. 

Follow the same application process, ensuring an even and smooth finish.

Step 6: Final Touches And Finishing

Once the plaster is dry but still slightly damp, use fine sandpaper to smooth out any remaining rough patches or ridges. 

Clean up the edges and ensure the surface is as even as possible before proceeding to paint or wallpaper.

Cleaning And Maintenance Of Plastering Tools

Proper tool maintenance is important to extend their lifespan and ensure they perform well in future projects.

1. Clean Immediately: Rinse your trowels, hawk board, and brushes with clean water immediately after use.
2. Use a Brush: Clean the mixer paddles with a hand brush to remove dried plaster.
3. Dry Thoroughly: Ensure all tools are completely dry before storing them to prevent rust.

Common Plastering Techniques

Different plastering techniques can be applied depending on the type of surface. Here are some common methods:

Skim Coating

Skim coating involves applying a thin layer of plaster to a surface to create a smooth finish. It’s perfect for refreshing old walls or preparing them for painting.

Re-Skim Plastering

Re-skimming is used to renew damaged walls by applying a new, thin layer of plaster over the existing one. It helps fix cracks and minor surface issues.

Plasterboard Installation

Plasterboards can be installed on solid walls using plasterboard adhesive—often called the “dot and dab” method. This technique is quick and provides a smooth base for finishing.

Tips For A Professional Finish

Achieving a professional-looking finish takes patience and a keen eye for detail. Here are some tips to help you get it right:

• Work Quickly: Plaster sets fast, so don’t delay once you’ve mixed it.
• Use Light Strokes: When finishing, use light strokes with the trowel to avoid leaving marks.
• Check for Imperfections: Clean any rough patches before the plaster dries completely.
• Practice Makes Perfect: If you’re new to plastering, practice on a small section before tackling a whole wall.

Plaster Wall Maintenance

Maintaining your plastered walls ensures they stay in good condition for years. Here are some simple tips:

1. Regular Cleaning: Clean the surface with a soft, damp cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals, as plaster is porous and can be easily damaged.
2. Repair Cracks Promptly: Fill any cracks or chips with fresh plaster to prevent them from growing.
3. Repaint as Needed: A fresh coat of paint will protect the plaster and keep the wall looking new.

When To Call A Professional

While DIY plastering can be rewarding, sometimes calling a professional is best. Consider hiring an expert if:

• You’re plastering large areas like entire rooms or ceilings.
• The existing plaster is severely damaged or cracked.
• You want to ensure a flawless finish, especially if you’re preparing to sell your home.

Conclusion

Plastering a wall can be challenging yet satisfying if done correctly. You can achieve a professional-looking finish with the right tools, preparation, and technique. 

While DIY plastering is possible, don’t hesitate to seek professional help for larger or more complex jobs.

Proper preparation, consistent application, and timely maintenance are key to a smooth, durable plaster surface. 

Whether you’re a seasoned DIY enthusiast or just getting started, this guide will help you achieve great results in plastering your walls.

Frequently Asked Questions About Plaster

Can a Novice Plaster a Wall?

Anyone can plaster a wall (really, anyone), but you need to follow a formula. You can’t just pick up a trowel and start throwing plaster on the walls.

Should I PVA Between Coats of Plaster?

Ginger Timmins Member. You want the diluted PVA to be sucked into the plaster to create a good bond between the plaster and whatever you’re applying on top of the PVA. If your plaster is not completely dry, the PVA will sit as a layer on top of it. The only way it’ll get sucked in is if the plaster is bone dry.

When Should You Trowel Plaster?

The final part of the six stages of plastering should leave you with a nice, even slightly polished surface. It begins when the plaster starts to darken as it dries. This is where you can run the trowel with a firm pressure over the entire wall to finish. And you’re done! 

Can You Plaster Over Old Plaster?

If the plaster is very old and damaged, you will need to fix any cracks and holes before plastering over it. You can fill smaller holes and cracks in a wall using a sealant such as Caulk. Larger holes and cracks will have to be filled with plaster and mesh, which may be a job for a professional.

Why Do Plasterers Use PVA?

PVA for Bonding

Adding a coat of glue to your wall surface just before you start plastering helps bond the plaster to the wall. The PVA helps to stick the plaster in place in the same way it can bond two pieces of wood together.