Plaster vs. Drywall Repair: What’s the Difference?

Have you noticed a pesky crack snaking across your living room wall, or perhaps a doorknob encounter left a less-than-stellar impression on your hallway? 

Most individuals have a clear preference for specific countertop materials and lighting fixtures in their homes, yet many find it challenging to decide on the type of material they want for their interior walls.

Interior walls might not grab as much attention as house features like granite countertops or marble floors, but they are equally, if not more, important. Interior walls play a crucial role in any home by delineating spaces, ensuring privacy, and serving as both insulators and sound barriers.

Recently, drywall has become increasingly popular, as evidenced by the numerous do-it-yourself videos on YouTube. On the other hand, some argue in favour of plaster. Plaster is commonly found in homes constructed before World War II and has its advantages, while drywall is more prevalent in modern constructions.

When it comes to wall repairs, knowing what you’re dealing with is half the battle. This is especially true when your home boasts walls made of either plaster, a traditional material, or drywall, the modern standard. While both serve the same purpose, their repair processes differ significantly. This article will delve into a comparison between plaster and drywall, discussing their applications in construction along with their advantages and disadvantages.

What Is Plaster?  

Plaster consists of a mixture containing cement, sand, water, and various minerals, forming a paste. This paste is utilised to cover walls either for protection or aesthetic purposes. It is spread over narrow wooden or metal slats called laths in several layers and is left to dry.

The origins of plaster use can be traced back to 7500 BC, with the application of lime-based plaster in Jordanian constructions. The technique of plastering was also known in ancient civilisations of India and China, where a combination of clay and gypsum was applied over stone or brick walls to achieve a smooth finish.

During the Middle Ages in Europe, gypsum mixed with water became a widespread plastering choice. By the 1940s, the advent of drywall led to a decline in plaster’s popularity.

Historically, plaster application involved affixing thin wooden strips, known as wood lath, onto the frame studs. The initial plaster coat would fill in the spaces between these strips, followed by two or three additional layers to ensure a smooth surface.

In contemporary construction practices, wood lath has largely been replaced by metal mesh, but the plastering process remains similar to how stucco is applied to external walls.

What Is Drywall? 

Drywall consists of gypsum plaster compressed between two thick paper layers, and it’s also known by names like gypsum board, sheetrock, wallboard, or cement board. It comes in two forms: the panels themselves and the joint compound. The primary component of drywall panels is gypsum, scientifically called calcium sulphate dihydrate.

Gaining popularity in the mid-20th century, drywall presented a less expensive and more easily installed alternative to traditional plaster, maintaining its prominence in contemporary building practices. It is particularly favoured in colder regions for its ability to house insulation behind the panels.

Drywall panels are versatile and can be cut to accommodate windows, doors, and electrical outlets. They are attached to the building’s frame using specialised fasteners or standard nails and screws, with any seams or connections concealed using tape and a flexible drywall compound. After this compound dries, the drywall can be painted to achieve a neat finish.

In the construction of new homes, drywall panels typically encase insulation, and some drywall varieties are enhanced with additives to boost their performance and compliance with specific building regulations. For instance, green board drywall is designed to be more resistant to water and mould than traditional gypsum drywall, and there are also options available that offer soundproofing qualities.

Understanding Plaster and Drywall

Plaster

Plaster, a time-tested material crafted from a mix of gypsum plaster, sand, and lime, has graced the walls of homes for centuries. Renowned for the following:

• Durability: Plaster boasts a rock-solid composition, making it highly resistant to dents, scratches, and minor bumps. Plaster surpasses drywall in durability owing to its thickness, making it a preferred option for constructions intended to last. Additionally, plaster’s greater tensile strength contributes to the overall stability of structures, a benefit not as pronounced with drywall.
• Soundproofing: The dense nature of plaster acts as a natural sound barrier, providing superior noise reduction between rooms. Due to its high density, plaster offers superior sound insulation compared to drywall. A study by National Gypsum indicates that a plaster wall nearly 1 inch thick achieves a Sound Transmission Class (STC) rating of 52. In contrast, half-inch thick drywall mounted on 2×4 wood studs has an STC rating of 34, where STC measures a material’s ability to reduce sound transmission.
• Aesthetics: Plaster offers a unique beauty. Skilled artisans can create a variety of textures, from smooth finishes to intricate mouldings, adding a touch of elegance to any space. Plaster allows for a range of finishes, from textured and glossy to smooth, offering a sophisticated appearance. Its ability to create a unique rough texture, especially valued in historical buildings, cannot be mimicked by drywall.
• Versatility: Plaster is exceptionally suited for complex shapes, such as curved walls, where drywall application might be challenging.
• Fire Resistance: Plaster exhibits better fire resistance, especially when applied over metal laths.
• Mould Resistance: Plaster has inherent mould-resistant properties.

Signs You Have Plaster Walls:

• Age of your home: If your house predates the 1950s, there’s a high chance it has plaster walls.
• Texture: Take a close look at your wall’s surface. Does it have a slight imperfection or a subtle hand-troweled texture? That’s a telltale sign of plaster.

Drywall

Drywall, composed primarily of gypsum board sandwiched between paper facings, has become the go-to choice in modern construction. Here’s why:

• Cost-Effectiveness: Drywall is a significantly cheaper material and installation process compared to plaster.
• Easy Repairs: Small drywall repairs are relatively DIY-friendly with readily available patching materials.
• Versatility: Drywall comes in various thicknesses and can be easily cut to accommodate electrical wiring and plumbing needs.

Signs You Have Drywall:

• Smooth Finish: Drywall typically boasts a very smooth, almost flawless surface.
• Hanging Ease: Pictures and shelves hang effortlessly on drywall thanks to its ability to securely hold nails and screws.

Repair Techniques for Each Material

Now that you’ve identified your wall material, let’s delve into the repair process.

Plaster Repair

For small cracks and holes:

1. Gather Your Supplies: You’ll need patching compound, a putty knife, sandpaper, a damp rag, and a primer (optional).
2. Clean and Widen the Crack: Use a utility knife to remove any loose plaster and ensure a good bond for the patch.
3. Apply the Patching Compound: With the putty knife, press the compound firmly into the crack, filling it completely.
4. Smooth and Sand: Once dry, use the damp rag to smooth the patch and then sand it flush with the surrounding wall surface.
5. Prime (Optional): For a flawless finish, apply a coat of primer before painting.

For larger cracks and extensive damage:

Unfortunately, tackling large-scale plaster repairs is best left to the professionals. A skilled plasterer can assess the damage and employ techniques like scratch coating (applying multiple thin layers) or even veneer plastering (adding a new plaster layer) to restore your wall to its former glory.

Drywall Fixes 

For small holes and dings:

1. Arm Yourself: Grab some joint compound, a sanding sponge, a taping knife (optional for larger holes), and a damp cloth.
2. Apply the Joint Compound: Using the taping knife (for larger holes) or your finger (for smaller dings), spread the compound over the hole, ensuring it’s slightly above the wall surface.
3. Sand It Smooth: Allow the compound to dry completely, then use the sanding sponge to create a smooth, seamless transition between the patch and the wall.

For larger holes and tears:

If you’re facing a gaping hole or a significant tear, fret not! Here’s what to do:

1. Measure Up: Carefully measure the hole to determine the appropriate patch size. Most hardware stores carry pre-cut drywall patches in various dimensions.
2. Cut the Patch (if needed): If a pre-cut patch isn’t available, use a utility knife to cut a piece of drywall slightly larger than the hole.
3. Apply Joint Compound: Spread a thin layer of joint compound around the hole and on the back of the patch.
4. Carefully Insert the Patch: Gently push the patch into the hole, ensuring it sits flush with the wall surface. Apply additional joint compound around the edges to create a seamless seal.
5. Build Up the Patch (if needed): For larger holes, you might need to apply multiple layers of joint compound, allowing each layer to dry completely before adding the next.
6. Embrace the Sanding: Once the final layer of the compound dries, grab your sanding sponge and meticulously sand the patched area until it disappears into the wall surface. Be sure to feather the edges for a natural look.

Cost Considerations

When it comes to repairs, plaster takes the cake for being the more expensive option. The skilled labour required for extensive repairs translates to higher costs. Drywall repairs, on the other hand, are generally more budget-friendly, especially for smaller fixes that can be tackled as DIY projects.

When to Hire a Professional

While patching a small hole in drywall might be a weekend warrior’s conquest, there are situations where seeking professional help is the wisest course of action:

Extensive Damage

If you’re facing large cracks, crumbling plaster, or significant drywall tears, a professional can assess the situation and recommend the most effective repair strategy.

Material Mystery

Unsure whether you have plaster or drywall? Don’t take a guess! A professional can definitively identify your wall material and guide you towards the appropriate repair approach.

Aesthetic Aspirations

Do you crave a specific decorative finish on your plaster walls, like a Venetian plaster technique? Hiring a skilled plasterer ensures a flawless and visually stunning outcome.

Conclusion

Interior walls play a crucial role in any building, yet they are frequently underestimated. Plaster and drywall stand out as the primary options for wall coverings in the construction sector, each offering its own set of advantages, with the decision often boiling down to aesthetics and cost.

While drywall is more affordable and simpler to install, plaster offers a higher quality appearance and texture. Due to its higher density, plaster also provides greater structural support compared to drywall.

Drywall boasts better energy efficiency and facilitates easier repairs within walls. It’s important to weigh various considerations before choosing between drywall and plaster for your interior walls.

Understanding the key differences between plaster and drywall repairs equips you to tackle minor fixes with confidence and make informed decisions when seeking professional help. Remember, the right repair approach depends on the extent of the damage, your budget, and your desired aesthetic outcome. So, grab your tools (or phone a pro!), and get ready to transform those cracks and holes into distant memories!

Content Summary: 

• Plaster and drywall are common wall materials, but homeowners might struggle to choose between them.
• This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of both plaster and drywall.
• Plaster is a traditional material made from gypsum plaster, sand, and lime.
• Plaster walls are known for their durability, soundproofing, and aesthetic appeal.
• Homes built before the 1950s likely have plaster walls, which may have a slightly textured surface.
• Drywall, composed of gypsum board between paper layers, is the preferred choice in modern construction.
• Drywall is cheaper, easier to repair yourself, and versatile for electrical and plumbing needs.
• Smooth walls and easy picture hanging indicate you likely have drywall.
• Fixing small cracks in plaster involves patching compound, a putty knife, and sanding.
• Extensive plaster damage requires a professional to work on techniques like scratch coating.
• Small drywall repairs are achievable with a joint compound, a sanding sponge, and a damp cloth.
• Larger drywall holes require measuring, cutting a patch (if needed), and applying joint compound.
• Plaster repairs are more expensive due to the skilled labour required.
• Drywall repairs are generally budget-friendly, especially for DIY projects.
• Hire a professional for extensive damage, unidentified wall material, or desired aesthetics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What Are The Main Differences Between Plaster And Drywall Repair?

The key differences lie in the materials and techniques used. Plaster repair involves applying multiple layers of plaster over the lath, requiring skilled craftsmanship and longer drying times. Drywall repair typically involves cutting out damaged sections, replacing them with new drywall pieces, and then taping and mudding the seams. Drywall repairs are generally quicker and easier for DIY projects.

 

Is It More Expensive To Repair Plaster Than Drywall?

Yes, plaster repair can be more expensive than drywall. The costs are higher due to the labour-intensive process, the skill required for seamless repairs, and the longer drying and curing times of plaster.

 

Can I Diy Plaster Repair, Or Should I Hire A Professional?

While minor plaster repairs can be a DIY project for those willing to learn the technique, larger or more complex repairs should typically be handled by a professional. Plaster repair requires a certain level of skill and experience to ensure a smooth, durable finish.

 

How Do I Know If My Wall Is Plaster Or Drywall?

One way to determine the material is by tapping on the wall. Plaster walls sound solid and dense, while drywall has a hollow sound. Another method is to remove a switch plate and look at the edge of the wall; plaster walls are usually thicker and have layers over wood lath, while drywall is a single, thick, paper-covered board.

 

Are there any advantages To Plaster Over Drywall in terms of repair?

Yes, plaster has some advantages over drywall. It is more soundproof, fire-resistant, and can better accommodate intricate designs and details. Plaster repairs, when done correctly, can also be more durable and seamlessly blend with the existing wall, preserving the character and aesthetic of older homes.